In a medium bowl stir together cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, ginger, allspice, nutmeg, cloves, and salt.
In a large bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer beat together butter and sugar on medium speed until well combined, about 1 minute. Add egg yolks and beat until smooth and fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Add pumpkin and sourdough starter and mix on medium-low speed until incorporated. Gradually add flour mixture until incorporated. Scrape down the sides of the bowl and mix again until evenly combined.
Cover dough and chill in refrigerator for 45-60 minutes.
Heat at least 1 inch of oil in a Dutch oven or deep heavy skillet over medium heat. Bring to 340°F.
While oil is heating roll out dough on a floured surface to a 7x10-inch rectangle of about ½-inch thickness. Cut out 6 donuts with a floured 3-inch circle cutter. Cut the center out of each donut with a 1-inch cutter or the wide end of a piping tip. Shape remaining scraps into a dozen 1-inch balls.
When oil is ready, drop in donuts in batches of 2-4 at a time. Fry for 1 minute then flip and fry for 1-2 minutes or until golden brown and internal temperature of 185-190°F. Remove to a wire rack. Adjust heat as need to maintain oil temperature at 330-340°F.
Fry balls for about 2-3 minutes, flipping occasionally until golden brown and internal temperature of 185-190°F. Remove to a wire rack.
While donuts are still warm make the glaze: in a medium bowl mix together powdered sugar, water, vanilla, and salt. Dip the craggy tops of donuts into the glaze one at a time then return to the wire rack icing side-up. Coat donut holes with remaining glaze and transfer to wire rack.